Redis Lua API Reference

Redis includes an embedded Lua 5.1 interpreter. The interpreter runs user-defined ephemeral scripts and [/topics/functions-intro]. Scripts run in a sandboxed context and can only access specific Lua packages. This page describes the packages and APIs available inside the execution’s context.

Sandbox context

The sandboxed Lua context attempts to prevent accidental misuse and reduce potential threats from the server’s environment.

Scripts should never try to access the Redis server’s underlying host systems. That includes the file system, network, and any other attempt to perform a system call other than those supported by the API.

Scripts should operate solely on data stored in Redis and data provided as arguments to their execution.

Global variables and functions

The sandboxed Lua execution context blocks the declaration of global variables and functions. The blocking of global variables is in place to ensure that scripts and functions don’t attempt to maintain any runtime context other than the data stored in Redis. In the (somewhat uncommon) use case that a context needs to be maintain betweem executions, you should store the context in Redis' keyspace.

Redis will return a “Script attempted to create global variable ‘my_global_variable” error when trying to execute the following snippet:

my_global_variable = 'some value'

And similarly for the following global function declaration:

function my_global_funcion()
  -- Do something amazing
end

You’ll also get a similar error when your script attempts to access any global variables that are undefined in the runtime’s context:

-- The following will surely raise an error
return an_undefined_global_variable

Instead, all variable and function definitions are required to be declared as local. To do so, you’ll need to prepend the local keyword to your declarations. For example, the following snippet will be considered perfectly valid by Redis:

local my_local_variable = 'some value'

local function my_local_function()
  -- Do something else, but equally amazing
end

Note: the sandbox attempts to prevent the use of globals. Using Lua’s debugging functionality or other approaches such as altering the meta table used for implementing the globals’ protection to circumvent the sandbox isn’t hard. However, it is difficult to circumvent the protection by accident. If the user messes with the Lua global state, the consistency of AOF and replication can’t be guaranteed. In other words, just don’t do it.

Imported Lua modules

Using imported Lua modules is not supported inside the sandboxed execution context. The sandboxed execution context prevents the loading modules by disabling Lua’s require function.

The only libraries that Redis ships with and that you can use in scripts are listed under the Runtime libraries section.

Runtime globals

While the sandbox prevents users from declaring globals, the execution context is pre-populated with several of these.

The redis singleton

The redis singleton is an object instance that’s accessible from all scripts. It provides the API to interact with Redis from scripts. Its description follows below.

The KEYS global variable

Since version: 2.6.0
Available in scripts: yes
Available in functions: no

Important: to ensure the correct execution of scripts, both in standalone and clustered deployments, all names of keys that a function accesses must be explicitly provided as input key arguments. The script should only access keys whose names are given as input arguments. Scripts should never access keys with programmatically-generated names or based on the contents of data structures stored in the database.

The KEYS global variable is available only for ephemeral scripts. It is pre-populated with all key name input arguments.

The ARGV global variable

Since version: 2.6.0
Available in scripts: yes
Available in functions: no

The ARGV global variable is available only in ephemeral scripts. It is pre-populated with all regular input arguments.

redis object

Since version: 2.6.0
Available in scripts: yes
Available in functions: yes

The Redis Lua execution context always provides a singleton instance of an object named redis. The redis instance enables the script to interact with the Redis server that’s running it. Following is the API provided by the redis object instance.

`redis.call(command [,arg...])`

Since version: 2.6.0
Available in scripts: yes
Available in functions: yes

The redis.call() function calls a given Redis command and returns its reply. Its inputs are the command and arguments, and once called, it executes the command in Redis and returns the reply.

For example, we can call the ECHO command from a script and return its reply like so:

return redis.call('ECHO', 'Echo, echo... eco... o...')

If and when redis.call() triggers a runtime exception, the raw exception is raised back to the user as an error, automatically. Therefore, attempting to execute the following ephemeral script will fail and generate a runtime exception because ECHO accepts exactly zero or one argument:

redis> EVAL "return redis.call('ECHO', 'Echo,', 'echo... ', 'eco... ', 'o...')" 0
(error) ERR Error running script (call to b0345693f4b77517a711221050e76d24ae60b7f7): @user_script:1: @user_script: 1: Wrong number of args calling Redis command from script

Note that the call can fail due to various reasons, see Execution under low memory conditions and Script flags

To handle Redis runtime errors use `redis.pcall() instead.

`redis.pcall(command [,arg...])`

Since version: 2.6.0
Available in scripts: yes
Available in functions: yes

This function enables handling runtime errors raised by the Redis server. The redis.pcall() function behaves exactly like redis.call(), except that it:

Always returns a reply.
Never throws a runtime exeption, and returns in its stead a redis.error_reply in case that a runtime exception is thrown by the server.

The following demonstrates how to use redis.pcall() to intercept and handle runtime exceptions from within the context of an ephemeral script.

local reply = redis.pcall('ECHO', unpack(ARGV))
if reply['err'] ~= nil then
  -- Handle the error sometime, but for now just log it
  redis.log(redis.LOG_WARNING, reply['err'])
  reply['err'] = 'Something is wrong, but no worries, everything is under control'
end
return reply

Evaluating this script with more than one argument will return:

redis> EVAL "..." 0 hello world
(error) Something is wrong, but no worries, everything is under control

`redis.error_reply(x)`

Since version: 2.6.0
Available in scripts: yes
Available in functions: yes

This is a helper function that returns an error reply. The helper accepts a single string argument and returns a Lua table with the err field set to that string.

The outcome of the following code is that error1 and error2 are identical for all intents and purposes:

local text = 'My very special error'
local reply1 = { err = text }
local reply2 = redis.error_reply(text)

Therefore, both forms are valid as means for returning an error reply from scripts:

redis> EVAL "return { err = 'My very special table error' }" 0
(error) My very special table error
redis> EVAL "return redis.error_reply('My very special reply error')" 0
(error) My very special reply error

For returing Redis status replies refer to redis.status_reply(). Refer to the Data type conversion for returning other response types.

`redis.status_reply(x)`

Since version: 2.6.0
Available in scripts: yes
Available in functions: yes

This is a helper function that returns a simple string reply. “OK” is an example of a standard Redis status reply. The Lua API represents status replies as tables with a single field, ok, set with a simple status string.

The outcome of the following code is that status1 and status2 are identical for all intents and purposes:

local text = 'Frosty'
local status1 = { ok = text }
local status2 = redis.status_reply(text)

Therefore, both forms are valid as means for returning status replies from scripts:

redis> EVAL "return { ok = 'TICK' }" 0
TICK
redis> EVAL "return redis.status_reply('TOCK')" 0
TOCK

For returing Redis error replies refer to redis.error_reply(). Refer to the Data type conversion for returning other response types.

`redis.sha1hex(x)`

Since version: 2.6.0
Available in scripts: yes
Available in functions: yes

This function returns the SHA1 hexadecimal digest of its single string argument.

You can, for example, obtain the empty string’s SHA1 digest:

redis> EVAL "return redis.sha1hex('')" 0
"da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709"

`redis.log(level, message)`

Since version: 2.6.0
Available in scripts: yes
Available in functions: yes

This function writes to the Redis server log.

It expects two input arguments: the log level and a message. The message is a string to write to the log file. Log level can be on of these:

redis.LOG_DEBUG
redis.LOG_VERBOSE
redis.LOG_NOTICE
redis.LOG_WARNING

These levels map to the server’s log levels. The log only records messages equal or greater in level than the server’s loglevel configuration directive.

The following snippet:

redis.log(redis.LOG_WARNING, 'Something is terribly wrong')

will produce a line similar to the following in your server’s log:

[32343] 22 Mar 15:21:39 # Something is terribly wrong

`redis.setresp(x)`

Since version: 6.0.0
Available in scripts: yes
Available in functions: yes

This function allows the executing script to switch between Redis Serialization Protocol (RESP) versions for the replies returned by redis.call()](#redis.call) and [redis.pall(). It expects a single numerical argument as the protocol’s version. The default protocol version is 2, but it can be switched to version 3.

Here’s an example of switching to RESP3 replies:

redis.setresp(3)

Please refer to the Data type conversion for more information about type conversions.

`redis.set_repl(x)`

Since version: 3.2.0
Available in scripts: yes
Available in functions: no

Note: this feature is only available when script effects replication is employed. Calling it when using verbatim script replication will result in an error. As of Redis version 2.6.0, scripts were replicated verbatim, meaning that the scripts' source code was sent for execution by replicas and stored in the AOF. An alternative replication mode added in version 3.2.0 allows replicating only the scripts' effects. As of Redis version 7.0, script replication is no longer supported, and the only replication mode available is script effects replication.

Warning: this is an advanced feature. Misuse can cause damage by violating the contract that binds the Redis master, its replicas, and AOF contents to hold the same logical content.

This function allows a script to assert control over how its effects are propagated to replicas and the AOF afterward. A script’s effects are the Redis write commands that it calls.

By default, all write commands that a script executes are replicated. Sometimes, however, better control over this behavior can be helpful. This can be the case, for example, when storing intermediate values in the master alone.

Consider a script that intersects two sets and stores the result in a temporary key with SUNIONSTORE. It then picks five random elements (SRANDMEMBER) from the intersection and stores (SADD) them in another set. Finally, before returning, it deletes the temporary key that stores the intersection of the two source sets.

In this case, only the new set with its five randomly-chosen elements needs to be replicated. Replicating the SUNIONSTORE command and the `DEL’ition of the temporary key is unnecessary and wasteful.

The redis.set_repl() function instructs the server how to treat subsequent write commands in terms of replication. It accepts a single input argument that only be one of the following:

redis.REPL_ALL: replicates the effects to the AOF and replicas.
redis.REPL_AOF: replicates the effects to the AOF alone.
redis.REPL_REPLICA: replicates the effects to the replicas alone.
redis.REPL_SLAVE: same as REPL_REPLICA, maintained for backward compatibility.
redis.REPL_NONE: disables effect replication entirely.

By default, the scripting engine is initialized to the redis.REPL_ALL setting when a script begins its execution. You can call the redis.set_repl() function at any time during the script’s execution to switch between the different replication modes.

A simple example follows:

redis.replicate_commands() -- Enable effects replication in versions lower than Redis v7.0
redis.call('SET', KEYS[1], ARGV[1])
redis.set_repl(redis.REPL_NONE)
redis.call('SET', KEYS[2], ARGV[2])
redis.set_repl(redis.REPL_ALL)
redis.call('SET', KEYS[3], ARGV[3])

If you run this script by calling EVAL "..." 3 A B C 1 2 3, the result will be that only the keys A and C are created on the replicas and AOF.

`redis.replicate_commands()`

Since version: 3.2.0
Until version: 7.0.0
Available in scripts: yes
Available in functions: no

This function switches the script’s replication mode from verbatim replication to effects replication. You can use it to override the default verbatim script replication mode used by Redis until version 7.0.

Note: as of Redis v7.0, verbatim script replication is no longer supported. The default, and only script replication mode supported, is script effects' replication. For more information, please refer to Replicating commands instead of scripts

`redis.breakpoint()`

Since version: 3.2.0
Available in scripts: yes
Available in functions: no

This function triggers a breakpoint when using the Redis Lua debugger](/topics/ldb).

`redis.debug(x)`

Since version: 3.2.0
Available in scripts: yes
Available in functions: no

This function prints its argument in the Redis Lua debugger console.

`redis.register_function`

Since version: 7.0.0
Available in scripts: no
Available in functions: yes

This function is only available from the context of the FUNCTION LOAD command. When called, it registers a function to the loaded library. The function can be called either with positional or named arguments.

positional arguments: `redis.register_functio(name, callback)`

The first argument to redis.register_function is a Lua string representing the function name. The second argument to redis.register_function is a Lua function.

Usage example:

redis> FUNCTION LOAD Lua mylib "redis.register_function('noop', function() end)"

Named arguments: `redis.register_functio{function_name=name, callback=callback, flags={flag1, flag2, ..}. description=description}`

The named arguments variant accepts the following arguments:

function_name: the function’s name.
callback: the function’s callback.
flags: an array of strings, each a function flag (optional).
description: function’s description (optional).

Both function_name and callback are mandatory.

Usage example:

redis> FUNCTION LOAD Lua mylib "redis.register_function(function_name='noop', callback=function() end, flags={ 'no-writes' }, description='Does nothing')"

Script flags

Important: Use script flags with care, which may negatively impact if misused. Note that the default for Eval scripts are different than the default for functions that are mentioned below, see Eval Flags

When you register a function or load an Eval script, the server does not know how it accesses the database. By default, Redis assumes that all scripts read and write data. This results in the following behavior:

They can read and write data.
They can run in cluster mode.
Execution against a stale replica is denied to avoid inconsistent reads.
Execution under low memory is denied to avoid exceeding the configured threshold.

You can use the following flags and instruct the server to treat the scripts' execution differently:

no-writes: this flag indicates that the script only reads data but never writes.

By default, Redis will deny the execution of scripts against read-only replicas, as they may attempt to perform writes. Similarly, the server will not allow calling scripts with FCALL_RO / EVAL_RO. Lastly, when data persistence is at risk due to a disk error, execution is blocked as well.

Using this flag allows executing the script:
1. With FCALL_RO / EVAL_RO against masters and read-only replicas.
2. Even if there’s a disk error (Redis is unable to persist so it rejects writes).
However, note that the server will return an error if the script attempts to call a write command.
allow-oom: use this flag to allow a script to execute when the server is out of memory (OOM).

Unless used, Redis will deny the execution of scripts when in an OOM state, regardless of the no-write flag and method of calling. Furthermore, when you use this flag, the script can call any Redis command, including commands that aren’t usually allowed in this state.
allow-stale: a flag that enables running the script against a stale replica.

By default, Redis prevents data consistency problems from using old data by having stale replicas return a runtime error. In cases where the consistency is a lesser concern, this flag allows stale Redis replicas to run the script.
no-cluster: the flag causes the script to return an error in Redis cluster mode.

Redis allows scripts to be executed both in standalone and cluster modes. Setting this flag prevents executing the script against nodes in the cluster.

Please refer to Function Flags and Eval Flags for a detailed example.

`redis.REDIS_VERSION`

Since version: 7.0.0
Available in scripts: yes
Available in functions: yes

Returns the current Redis server version as a Lua string. The reply’s format is MM.mm.PP, where:

MM: is the major version.
mm: is the minor version.
PP: is the patch level.

`redis.REDIS_VERSION_NUM`

Since version: 7.0.0
Available in scripts: yes
Available in functions: yes

Returns the current Redis server version as a number. The reply is a hexadecimal value structured as 0x00MMmmPP, where:

MM: is the major version.
mm: is the minor version.
PP: is the patch level.

Data type conversion

Unless a runtime exception is raised, redis.call() and redis.pcall() return the reply from the executed command to the Lua script. Redis' replies from these functions are converted automatically into Lua’s native data types.

Similarly, when a Lua script returns a reply with the return keyword, that reply is automatically converted to Redis' protocol.

Put differently; there’s a one-to-one mapping between Redis' replies and Lua’s data types and a one-to-one mapping between Lua’s data types and the Redis Protocol data types. The underlying design is such that if a Redis type is converted into a Lua type and converted back into a Redis type, the result is the same as the initial value.

Type conversion from Redis protocol replies (i.e., the replies from redis.call() and redis.pcall() to Lua data types depends on the Redis Serialization Protocol version used by the script. The default protocol version during script executions is RESP2. The script may switch the replies' protocol versions by calling the redis.setresp() function.

Type conversion from a script’s returned Lua data type depends on the user’s choice of protocol (see the HELLO command).

The following sections describe the type conversion rules between Lua and Redis per the protocol’s version.

RESP2 to Lua type conversion

The following type conversion rules apply to the execution’s context by default as well as after calling redis.setresp(2):

RESP2 integer reply -> Lua number
RESP2 bulk string reply -> Lua string
RESP2 array reply -> Lua table (may have other Redis data types nested)
RESP2 status reply -> Lua table with a single ok field containing the status string
RESP2 error reply -> Lua table with a single err field containing the error string
RESP2 null bulk reply and null multi bulk reply -> Lua false boolean type

Lua to RESP2 type conversion

The following type conversion rules apply by default as well as after the user had called HELLO 2:

Lua number -> RESP2 integer reply (the number is converted into an integer)
Lua string -> RESP bulk string reply
Lua table (indexed, non-associative array) -> RESP2 array reply (truncated at the first Lua nil value encountered in the table, if any)
Lua table with a single ok field -> RESP2 status reply
Lua table with a single err field -> RESP2 error reply
Lua boolean false -> RESP2 null bulk reply

There is an additional Lua-to-Redis conversion rule that has no corresponding Redis-to-Lua conversion rule:

Lua Boolean true -> RESP2 integer reply with value of 1.

There are three additional rules to note about converting Lua to Redis data types:

Lua has a single numerical type, Lua numbers. There is no distinction between integers and floats. So we always convert Lua numbers into integer replies, removing the decimal part of the number, if any. If you want to return a Lua float, it should be returned as a string, exactly like Redis itself does (see, for instance, the ZSCORE command).
There’s no simple way to have nils inside Lua arrays due to Lua’s table semantics. Therefore, who;e Redis converts a Lua array to RESP, the conversion stops when it encounters a Lua nil value.
When a Lua table is an associative array that contains keys and their respective values, the converted Redis reply will not include them.

Lua to RESP2 type conversion examples:

redis> EVAL "return 10" 0
(integer) 10

redis> EVAL "return { 1, 2, { 3, 'Hello World!' } }" 0
1) (integer) 1s
2) (integer) 2
3) 1) (integer) 3
   1) "Hello World!"

redis> EVAL "return redis.call('get','foo')" 0
"bar"

The last example demonstrates receiving and returning the exact return value of redis.call() (or redis.pcall()) in Lua as it would be returned if the command had been called directly.

The following example shows how floats and arrays that cont nils and keys are handled:

redis> EVAL "return { 1, 2, 3.3333, somekey = 'somevalue', 'foo', nil , 'bar' }" 0
1) (integer) 1
2) (integer) 2
3) (integer) 3
4) "foo"

As you can see, the float value of 3.333 gets converted to an integer 3, the somekey key and its value are omitted, and the string “bar” isn’t returned as there is a nil value that precedes it.

RESP3 to Lua type conversion

RESP3 is a newer version of the Redis Serialization Protocol. It is available as an opt-in choice as of Redis v6.0.

An executing script may call the redis.setresp function during its execution and switch the protocol version that’s used for returning replies from Redis' commands (that can be invoked via redis.call() or redis.pcall()).

Once Redis' replies are in RESP3 protocol, all of the RESP2 to Lua conversion rules apply, with the following additions:

RESP3 map reply -> Lua table with a single map field containing a Lua table representing the fields and values of the map.
RESP set reply -> Lua table with a single set field containing a Lua table representing the elements of the set as fields, each with the Lua Boolean value of true.
RESP3 null -> Lua nil.
RESP3 true reply -> Lua true boolean value.
RESP3 false reply -> Lua false boolean value.
RESP3 double reply -> Lua table with a single score field containing a Lua number representing the double value.
RESP3 big number reply -> Lua table with a single big_number field containing a Lua string representing the big number value.
Redis verbatim string reply -> Lua table with a single verbatim_string field containing a Lua table with two fields, string and format, representing the verbatim string and its format, respectively.

Note: the RESP3 big number and verbatim strings replies are only supported as of Redis v7.0 and greater. Also, presently, RESP3’s attributes, streamed strings and streamed aggregate data types are not supported by the Redis Lua API.

Lua to RESP3 type conversion

Regardless of the script’s choice of protocol version set for replies with the [redis.setresp() function] when it calls redis.call() or redis.pcall(), the user may opt-in to using RESP3 (with the HELLO 3 command) for the connection. Although the default protocol for incoming client connections is RESP2, the script should honor the user’s preference and return adequately-typed RESP3 replies, so the following rules apply on top of those specified in the Lua to RESP2 type conversion section when that is the case.

Lua Boolean -> RESP3 Boolean reply (note that this is a change compared to the RESP2, in which returning a Boolean Lua true returned the number 1 to the Redis client, and returning a false used to return a null.
Lua table with a single map field set to an associative Lua table -> RESP3 map reply.
Lua table with a single _set field set to an associative Lua table -> RESP3 set reply. Values can be set to anything and are discarded anyway.
Lua table with a single double field to an associative Lua table -> RESP3 double reply.
Lua nil -> RESP3 null.

However, if the connection is set use the RESP2 protocol, and even if the script replies with RESP3-typed responses, Redis will automatically perform a RESP3 to RESP2 convertion of the reply as is the case for regular commands. That means, for example, that returning the RESP3 map type to a RESP2 connection will result in the repy being converted to a flat RESP2 array that consists of alternating field names and their values, rather than a RESP3 map.

Additional notes about scripting

Using `SELECT` inside scripts

You can call the SELECT command from your Lua scripts, like you can with any normal client connection. However, one subtle aspect of the behavior changed between Redis versions 2.8.11 and 2.8.12. Prior to Redis version 2.8.12, the database selected by the Lua script was set as the current database for the client connection that had called it. As of Redis version 2.8.12, the database selected by the Lua script only affects the execution context of the script, and does not modify the database that’s selected by the client calling the script. This semantic change between patch level releases was required since the old behavior was inherently incompatible with Redis' replication and introduced bugs.

Runtime libraries

The Redis Lua runtime context always comes with several pre-imported libraries.

The following standard Lua libraries are available to use:

In addition, the following external libraries are loaded and accessible to scripts:

The struct library
The cjson library
The cmsgpack library
The bitop library

struct library

Since version: 2.6.0
Available in scripts: yes
Available in functions: yes

struct is a library for packing and unpacking C-like structures in Lua. It provides the following functions:

struct.pack()
struct.unpack()
struct.size()

All of struct’s functions expect their first argument to be a format string.

struct formats

The following are valid format strings for struct’s functions:

>: big endian
<: little endian
![num]: alignment
x: padding
b/B: signed/unsigned byte
h/H: signed/unsigned short
l/L: signed/unsigned long
T: size_t
i/In: signed/unsigned integer with size n (defaults to the size of int)
cn: sequence of n chars (from/to a string); when packing, n == 0 means the whole string; when unpacking, n == 0 means use the previously read number as the string’s length.
s: zero-terminated string
f: float
d: double
(space): ignored

`struct.pack(x)`

This function returns a struct-encoded string from values. It accepts a struct format string as its first argument, followed by the values that are to be encoded.

Usage example:

redis> EVAL "return struct.pack('HH', 1, 2)" 0
"\x01\x00\x02\x00"

`struct.unpack(x)`

This function returns the decoded values from a struct. It accepts a struct format string as its first argument, followed by encoded struct’s string.

Usage example:

redis> EVAL "return { struct.unpack('HH', ARGV[1]) }" 0 "\x01\x00\x02\x00"
1) (integer) 1
2) (integer) 2
3) (integer) 5

`struct.size(x)`

This function returns the size, in bytes, of a struct. It accepts a struct format string as its only argument.

Usage example:

redis> EVAL "return struct.size('HH')" 0
(integer) 4

cjson library

Since version: 2.6.0
Available in scripts: yes
Available in functions: yes

The cjson library provides fast JSON encoding and decoding from Lua. It provides these functions.

`cjson.encode(x)`

This function returns a JSON-encoded string for the Lua data type provided as its argument.

Usage example:

redis> EVAL "return cjson.encode({ ['foo'] = 'bar' })" 0
"{\"foo\":\"bar\"}"

`cjson.decode(x)`

This function returns a Lua data type from the JSON-encoded string provided as its argument.

Usage example:

redis> EVAL "return cjson.decode(ARGV[1])['foo']" 0 '{"foo":"bar"}'
"bar"

cmsgpack library

Since version: 2.6.0
Available in scripts: yes
Available in functions: yes

The cmsgpack library provides fast MessagePack encoding and decoding from Lua. It provides these functions.

`cmsgpack.pack(x)`

This function returns the packed string encoding of the Lua data type it is given as an argument.

Usage example:

redis> EVAL "return cmsgpack.pack({'foo', 'bar', 'baz'})" 0
"\x93\xa3foo\xa3bar\xa3baz"

`cmsgpack.unpack(x)`

This function returns the unpacked values from decocoding its input string argument.

Usage example:

redis> EVAL "return cmsgpack.unpack(ARGV[1])" 0 "\x93\xa3foo\xa3bar\xa3baz"
1) "foo"
2) "bar"
3) "baz"

bit library

Since version: 2.8.18
Available in scripts: yes
Available in functions: yes

The bit library provides bitwise operations on numbers. Its documentation resides at Lua BitOp documentation It provides the following functions.

`bit.tobit(x)`

Normalizes a number to the numeric range for bit operations and returns it.

Usage example:

redis> EVAL 'return bit.tobit(1)' 0
(integer) 1

`bit.tohex(x [,n])`

Converts its first argument to a hex string. The number of hex digits is given by the absolute value of the optional second argument.

Usage example:

redis> EVAL 'return bit.tohex(422342)' 0
"000671c6"

`bit.bnot(x)`

Returns the bitwise not of its argument.

`bit.bnot(x)` `bit.bor(x1 [,x2...])`, `bit.band(x1 [,x2...])` and `bit.bxor(x1 [,x2...])`

Returns either the bitwise or, bitwise and, or bitwise xor of all of its arguments. Note that more than two arguments are allowed.

Usage example:

redis> EVAL 'return bit.bor(1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128)' 0
(integer) 255

`bit.lshift(x, n)`, `bit.rshift(x, n)` and `bit.arshift(x, n)`

Returns either the bitwise logical left-shift, bitwise logical right-shift, or bitwise arithmetic right-shift of its first argument by the number of bits given by the second argument.

`bit.rol(x, n)` and `bit.ror(x, n)`

Returns either the bitwise left rotation, or bitwise right rotation of its first argument by the number of bits given by the second argument. Bits shifted out on one side are shifted back in on the other side.

`bit.bswap(x)`

Swaps the bytes of its argument and returns it. This can be used to convert little-endian 32-bit numbers to big-endian 32-bit numbers and vice versa.

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Redis Lua API Reference

Sandbox context

Global variables and functions

Imported Lua modules

Runtime globals

The redis singleton

The KEYS global variable

The ARGV global variable

redis object

redis.call(command [,arg...])

redis.pcall(command [,arg...])

redis.error_reply(x)

redis.status_reply(x)

redis.sha1hex(x)

redis.log(level, message)

redis.setresp(x)

redis.set_repl(x)

redis.replicate_commands()

redis.breakpoint()

redis.debug(x)

redis.register_function

positional arguments: redis.register_functio(name, callback)

Named arguments: redis.register_functio{function_name=name, callback=callback, flags={flag1, flag2, ..}. description=description}

Script flags

redis.REDIS_VERSION

redis.REDIS_VERSION_NUM

Data type conversion

RESP2 to Lua type conversion

Lua to RESP2 type conversion

RESP3 to Lua type conversion

Lua to RESP3 type conversion

Additional notes about scripting

Using SELECT inside scripts

Runtime libraries

struct library

struct formats

struct.pack(x)

struct.unpack(x)

struct.size(x)

cjson library

cjson.encode(x)

cjson.decode(x)

cmsgpack library

cmsgpack.pack(x)

cmsgpack.unpack(x)

bit library

bit.tobit(x)

bit.tohex(x [,n])

bit.bnot(x)

bit.bnot(x) bit.bor(x1 [,x2...]), bit.band(x1 [,x2...]) and bit.bxor(x1 [,x2...])

bit.lshift(x, n), bit.rshift(x, n) and bit.arshift(x, n)

bit.rol(x, n) and bit.ror(x, n)

bit.bswap(x)

Feedback

`redis.call(command [,arg...])`

`redis.pcall(command [,arg...])`

`redis.error_reply(x)`

`redis.status_reply(x)`

`redis.sha1hex(x)`

`redis.log(level, message)`

`redis.setresp(x)`

`redis.set_repl(x)`

`redis.replicate_commands()`

`redis.breakpoint()`

`redis.debug(x)`

`redis.register_function`

positional arguments: `redis.register_functio(name, callback)`

Named arguments: `redis.register_functio{function_name=name, callback=callback, flags={flag1, flag2, ..}. description=description}`

`redis.REDIS_VERSION`

`redis.REDIS_VERSION_NUM`

Using `SELECT` inside scripts

`struct.pack(x)`

`struct.unpack(x)`

`struct.size(x)`

`cjson.encode(x)`

`cjson.decode(x)`

`cmsgpack.pack(x)`

`cmsgpack.unpack(x)`

`bit.tobit(x)`

`bit.tohex(x [,n])`

`bit.bnot(x)`

`bit.bnot(x)` `bit.bor(x1 [,x2...])`, `bit.band(x1 [,x2...])` and `bit.bxor(x1 [,x2...])`

`bit.lshift(x, n)`, `bit.rshift(x, n)` and `bit.arshift(x, n)`

`bit.rol(x, n)` and `bit.ror(x, n)`

`bit.bswap(x)`